Build a Chatbot With Dialogflow

Build a fullstack conversational experience with Dialogflow and Firebase Cloud Functions. 1016 words.

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#cloud-functions #node #dialogflow #angular

Chatbots make it possible for the average developer to deliver excellent (and affordable) customer service at scale - Building conversational experiences has never been easier thanks to the Dialogflow conversation platform.

Dialogflow is a free tool on Google Cloud for creating voice and text conversational interfaces. It uses Natural Language Processing NLP technology, allowing you to create experiences similar to Google Assistant or Amazon Alexa. In following lesson creates a chatbot from scratch in the three main steps:

  1. Create a chatbot on the Dialogflow Console
  2. Connect it to Firebase Cloud Functions (NodeJS)
  3. Interact with it from frontend Angular app

Part 1: Create a Chatbot

Before getting started, it is recommended that you have an existing Firebase or GCP project.

Create an Agent

An agent is basically a entity that contains the knowledge and behaviors used to respond to phrases and fulfill user intentions.

Create the Dialogflow Agent

Create the Dialogflow Agent

Create an Intent

Think of a conversation as a turn-based game. An Intent represents the end-user’s goal or intention based on their last turn. When the bot is able to classify the intent, it can respond with useful information.

Example:

USER: Can you change my username to bob23

Bot recognizes question/intent and fulfills the request by updating Firestore from a Cloud Function.

BOT: Absolutely, it has been updated in the database!

Actions and Parameters

In this example, we want our bot to determine the user’s preferred display name and favorite color. We can do that by providing prompts that extract that data. After all required params have been extracted, we will use them to permanently update the user’s record in the Firestore database. Dialogflow will ask the questions specified as prompts until it receives a valid entity value for that param.

Dialogflow action and params

Responses and Fulfillment

When an intent is completed you can setup a simple response in the Dialogflow console OR you can handle the fulfillment with a webhook. Enable a webhook call for this function.

Dialogflow webhook fulfillment

Part 2: Backend Cloud Functions

Communicating with Dialogflow must be done on the server. In this section, we create HTTP Cloud Functions that enable frontend applications to communcation with our agent.

Add your Service Account

Dialogflow requires your full service account. Download it from the Firebase Console to functions/service-account.json.

⚠️ Make sure to add the service account path to your .gitignore because it contains sensitive API keys that should not be exposed publicly.

Download your service account

Download your service account

Handling Conversations

This first function is a generic endpoint that allows a frontend app to connect to the Dialogflow API. The function expects the client to pass a sessionId, which is just a string that allows the bot to understand the current context of a conversation. It also expects the users queryInput text, which is what the user is saying to the bot.

command line 
cd functions
npm i dialogflow cors

file_type_js_official index.js 
const functions = require('firebase-functions');
const cors = require('cors')({ origin: true});
const admin = require('firebase-admin');
const serviceAccount = require('./service-account.json');

admin.initializeApp({
  credential: admin.credential.cert(serviceAccount),
  databaseURL: "https://fireship-lessons.firebaseio.com"
});

const { SessionsClient } = require('dialogflow');


exports.dialogflowGateway = functions.https.onRequest((request, response) => {
  cors(request, response, async () => {
    const { queryInput, sessionId } = request.body;


    const sessionClient = new SessionsClient({ credentials: serviceAccount  });
    const session = sessionClient.sessionPath('your-project', sessionId);


    const responses = await sessionClient.detectIntent({ session, queryInput});

    const result = responses[0].queryResult;

    response.send(result);
  });
});

Fulfilling Intents with a Webhook

The benefit of a webhook is that you can perform additional backend logic, like updating a database or reaching out to a another API, then format the response to the user dynamically. In this example, we take the name and color parameters from the user’s conversation and update their account in Firestore.

command line 
npm i dialogflow-fulfillment actions-on-google

file_type_js_official index.js 
const { WebhookClient } = require('dialogflow-fulfillment');

exports.dialogflowWebhook = functions.https.onRequest(async (request, response) => {
    const agent = new WebhookClient({ request, response });

    const result = request.body.queryResult;


    async function userOnboardingHandler(agent) {

     // Do backend stuff here
     const db = admin.firestore();
     const profile = db.collection('users').doc('jeffd23');

     const { name, color } = result.parameters;

      await profile.set({ name, color })
      agent.add(`Welcome aboard my friend!`);
    }


    let intentMap = new Map();
    intentMap.set('UserOnboarding', userOnboardingHandler);
    agent.handleRequest(intentMap);
});

Part 3: Frontend Angular Integration

In this section, we build a user-friendly chat UI to interact with the bot. We can quickly build this feature with the Nebular theme and Angular’s HTTP client.

Initial Setup

Install Nebular and import Angular’s HTTP Client in your app.

command line 
ng new my-app --routing
cd my-app

ng add @nebular/theme

ng generate component chatbot

The app module should look something like this:

file_type_ng_component_ts app.module.ts 
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';

import { AppRoutingModule } from './app-routing.module';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { BrowserAnimationsModule } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations';
import { NbThemeModule, NbLayoutModule, NbChatModule, NbSpinnerModule } from '@nebular/theme';
import { NbEvaIconsModule } from '@nebular/eva-icons';
import { ChatbotComponent } from './chatbot/chatbot.component';


@NgModule({
  declarations: [
    AppComponent,
    ChatbotComponent
  ],
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    AppRoutingModule,
    HttpClientModule,
    BrowserAnimationsModule,
    NbThemeModule.forRoot({ name: 'default' }),
    NbLayoutModule,
    NbEvaIconsModule,
    NbChatModule,
    NbSpinnerModule,
  ],
  providers: [],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }

Chatbot Component

file_type_ng_component_ts chatbot.component.ts 
import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';

const dialogflowURL = 'https://YOUR-CLOUDFUNCTION/dialogflowGateway';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-chatbot',
  templateUrl: './chatbot.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./chatbot.component.scss']
})
export class ChatbotComponent implements OnInit {

  messages = [];
  loading = false;
  
  // Random ID to maintain session with server
  sessionId = Math.random().toString(36).slice(-5);

  constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.addBotMessage('Human presence detected 🤖. How can I help you? ');
  }

  handleUserMessage(event) {
    console.log(event);
    const text = event.message;
    this.addUserMessage(text);

    this.loading = true;

    // Make the request 
    this.http.post<any>(
      dialogflowURL,
      {
        sessionId: this.sessionId,
        queryInput: {
          text: {
            text,
            languageCode: 'en-US'
          }
        }
      }
    )
    .subscribe(res => {
      const { fulfillmentText } = res;
      this.addBotMessage(fulfillmentText);
      this.loading = false;
    });
  }

  addUserMessage(text) {
    this.messages.push({
      text,
      sender: 'You',
      reply: true,
      date: new Date()
    });
  }

  addBotMessage(text) {
    this.messages.push({
      text,
      sender: 'Bot',
      avatar: '/assets/bot.jpeg',
      date: new Date()
    });
  }

}

Chatbot Template

file_type_html chatbot.component.html 
<nb-chat title="Conversation with a Bot">
    <nb-chat-message *ngFor="let msg of messages"
                     type="text"
                     [message]="msg.text"
                     [reply]="msg.reply"
                     [sender]="msg.sender"
                     [date]="msg.date"
                     [avatar]="msg.avatar">
</nb-chat-message>


<nb-chat-message *ngIf="loading" [nbSpinner]="loading" nbSpinnerStatus="info"
    type="text"
    avatar="/assets/bot.jpeg"
    message="...">
    
</nb-chat-message>


    <nb-chat-form (send)="handleUserMessage($event)" [dropFiles]="true">
    </nb-chat-form>

</nb-chat>

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